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Glossary

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This is a tax on import expressed as a percentage of the value of the import (comparable to ad valorem tax). The AVE is obtained by dividing the value of the tariff collected from a country-product by the value of the imports of that country-product subject to the payment of a tariff to enter the United States market.

This is an analytical tool used to explain the influence of market dynamism (demand effect), market structure (interaction effect), and export competitiveness into the change in value of a country product export, during the selected period.

The CIF value represents the landed value of the merchandise at the first port of arrival in the United States. The value is computed by adding the customs value and the import charges and therefore excludes import duties.

Export value of a product or group of products exported by a reporter to a trade partner, in a specific year.

Import value of a product or group of products imported by a reporter country from a trade partner, during a year. For the United States, this value does not include import duties, freight, insurance, or any other charge incurred in importing the product to that market.

Export value of all products exported by a reporter country to a trade partner, in a specific year.

Import value of all products imported by a reporter country from a country or group of countries, during a year. For the United States, this value does not include import duties, freight, insurance, or any other charge incurred in importing the product to that market.

This denotes a product with an increased market share (export competitiveness), but a decreased product participation (demand) at the reporter country, during the selected period. This suggests a competitive product in a stagnant market.

This is the monetary value of the import duties applied to a specific product, from a trade partner, estimated by the United States Customs, in a specific year.

This refers to articles on which a tariff or tax imposed (customs duty) must be paid to enter an import market, according to the United States trade policies.

The percentage represented by the duties collected on a product in the total value of imports of that product from a trading partner into the United States market, in a specific year.

This shows the demand effect considering only the total global imports growth during the selected period. The country product imports remain constant at the base year value.

This shows the effect considering the interaction between the market share variation with the global total imports growth during the selected period. The global imports of the product remain constant at the base year value.

Export value of a product or group of products exported by a reporter country to all its trade partners, in a specific year.

The value of imports of a product by the reporting country from all its trading partners, in a specific year. When the United States is the reporting country, the reported value excludes import duties, freight, insurance and other import charges.

Export value of all products exported by a reporter country to all its trade partners, in a specific year.

Import value of all products imported by a reporter country from all its trade partners, during a year. For the United States, this value does not include import duties, freight, insurance, or any other charge incurred in importing the product to that market.

Average price per unit of a product at which the reporter country bought or sold it, in a specific year. Its value is obtained by dividing the overall export or import value of the product by its total export or import volume, in a specific year.

The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (generally referred to as "Harmonized System" or only "HS") is a standardised numerical method of classifying traded products developed by the World Customs Organization (WCO). Each product is identified by a six-digit code and arranged into groups of two- or four-digit codes. A product classification upper to six-digit code corresponds to a national code, established by each country, to provide additional information.

This represents the aggregate cost of all freight, and other charges incurred in bringing the article from the port of exportation to the first port of entry in the United States. This excludes US import duties. This indicator is reported as the percentage of insurance and freight charged by product with reference to its CIF value. These data are only available for the United States market.

This is the change in the value of imports resulting from the interaction between the market share variation with the global imports variation of the product, during the selected period. Its value is zero, when the product share and/or the global import of the product do not change. Its value is positive when both, the variation in market share and the variation of the global imports of the product, were positive or negative. By contrast, its value is negative when the variation in market share or the variation in global imports of the product have different signs (one positive and the other negative).

This percentage represents the export or import value of a product, traded by a specific trade partner, over the value of the global imports or exports of that product done by a reporter country, in a specified year.
In simple terms

Shows the percentage of the total imports or exports of a product that corresponds to a specific trading partner.

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A product whose product share, which represents demand, increased in the selected market while its market share, which represents export competitiveness, decreased during the same period. It is therefore an uncompetitive product in a dynamic market.

This is the percentage value of exports or imports of a country item from its total country exports or imports value to a selected market, during a year.
In simple terms

Shows the proportion of the total imports or exports with a specific trading partner, depending on the selected trade flow, that is accounted for by a specific product.

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The percentage represented by the global export or import value of a product in the total global exports or imports of the reporting country, in a specific year.
In simple terms

Shows the proportion of the reporting country’s total imports or exports, depending on the selected trade flow, that is accounted for by a specific product.

Resources to understand this indicator:

View an applied exampleCommon mistake when interpreting it

This is an analysis tool to classify imported goods based on two indicators: change in market share (export competitiveness) and change in product share (demand), during a selected period. Based on all possible combinations of those two indicators, the four product qualifications are rising star, declining star, missed opportunity, and retreat.

The approximate cost per kilogram paid for transport and insurance when importing a product by air.

The approximate cost per kilogram paid for transport and insurance when importing a product by sea.

This is the ratio between the unit value of a country product and the global unit value of the same product, in a specific year. If the unit value is equal to the global unit value, the result is one. If the unit value is higher than the global unit value, the result is more than 1. If the unit value is lower than the global unit value, the result is less than 1.

This refers to the country which provides statistics about its total exports and imports.

This denotes a product with a decreased market share (export competitiveness) and diminished product participation (demand) at the reporter market, during the selected period. This suggests an uncompetitive product in a stagnant market.

The Balassa revealed comparative advantage index compares a country's share of exports of a product or sector with the share of that product or sector in world trade or in a reference market. A value greater than 1 indicates specialization, a value below 1 indicates no specialization, and a value equal to 1 matches the reference-market average.

This denotes a product with an increased market share (export competitiveness) and expanded product participation (demand) in the reporter country, during the selected period. This suggests a competitive product in a dynamic market.

This is the change in import value that would have occurred if the product share had remained unchanged since the base year. Consequently, the change would be explained by a variation in the market share.

This is the ratio between the product contribution and the product share of a specific product traded in the reporting country, during the selected period. In the case of import flow statistics, the specialisation is the "revealed comparative advantage" of a country partner in a product. This is the market share of a specific product in bilateral trade or the reference market as a proportion of the products market share at the total global level, i.e., all countries and all products. Where import statistics are concerned, the products specialisation is the "revealed comparative advantage" the trade partner has in the market for that product which the reporting country imports.

This shows the part of the change in the effect on demand taking into account the difference between the variation in global imports of the product and the variation in total global imports of the market, during the selected period. The value of imports of the country-product in the base year is kept constant.

This shows the effect considering the interaction between the market share variation with the difference between the variations of the global imports of the product and the total global imports, during the selected period. The global imports of the product remain constant at the base year value.

This is the change in the value of imports that would have occurred if the market share had remained unchanged since the base year, in the target market. Consequently, the change would be explained by a variation in the global imports of the product.

This is the country or group of countries which exports or imports goods to or from a reporter country.

The percentage represented by the total value of exports or imports with a trading partner in the total global exports or imports of the reporting country, in a specific year.
In simple terms

Shows the percentage of the reporting country’s total imports or exports, depending on the selected trade flow, that corresponds to a specific trading partner.

Resources to understand this indicator:

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The unit used to quantify trade in a product, such as kilograms, pieces, units, dozens, thousands of items or litres. The unit depends on the nature of the product.

Approximative price per unit of a product, in a specific year. Its value is obtained by dividing the export or import value of the product by its export or import volume.

Monetary value quantified in United States dollars used to report the trade flow of each reporter country, in a specific year.

The quantity of products exported or imported. The unit of measurement depends on the nature of the product and is often reported in tonnes.

This is the percentage representing the export or import volume of a specific product, exported or imported by a trade partner, over the global volume of that product exported or imported by a reporter country, in a specific year.
In simple terms

Shows the proportion of the total physical quantity of a product imported or exported that corresponds to a specific trading partner. It measures physical quantities, not monetary values.

Resources to understand this indicator:

View an applied exampleCommon mistake when interpreting it